A Cultural Mirror Bridging Tradition and Modernity in Kashmir
Kashmir, renowned for its natural beauty, unfolds a cultural tapestry woven with centuries-old gems. Among these cultural treasures, the folk theatre known as “Bandh Pather” emerges as a reflective mirror, mirroring the evolving societal landscape of Kashmir. From narrating age-old Mughal stories to addressing contemporary issues, Bandh Pather encapsulates the essence of Kashmiri culture while adapting to the currents of change.
In the realm of Bandh Pather, the performers, termed “Bandh,” bring forth plays known as “Pather.” Adorned in vibrant costumes, these artists move in groups, presenting plays that satirically highlight social, economic, and political issues. Bandh Pather, as an artistic form of social commentary, draws inspiration from the linguistic nuances found in the Vakhs and Shrukhs of medieval and modern mystics of Kashmir.
The evolution of Bandh Pather into a mature and comprehensive theatre form reflects deep roots in academia, history, and Kashmiri culture. Various play types, such as Haenz Pather, Bakerwal Pather, Shikargah Pather, Watal Pather, Gosain Pather, and Angrez Pather, trace the chronology of events, each accompanied by distinct music styles that enhance the performances.
A distinctive feature of Bandh Pather is the incorporation of live music, dance, and acting, all skillfully performed by a single artist. There are no recorded sounds or backstage music; everything unfolds live before the audience.
Ghulam Mohidun Aiyaz, an authority on Kashmiri folk theatre and a recipient of a senior fellowship from the Ministry of Culture, underscores the historical significance of Bandh Pather. With roots dating back to the era of Kashmiri Sufi Saint Sheikh Noor-ud-din Noorani (RA), who mentioned it in his verses, and references made by English writer Sir Walter Lawrence in his travel book, Bandh Pather holds a unique place in cultural history.
Despite challenges, including a decline in the number of artists and limited government support, Bandh Pather remains a tradition passed down through generations. Predominantly male artists don female attire for roles, and the art form seamlessly integrates music, dance, and acting. Musical instruments like the Dhol, Nagara, and Surnai enhance the performances.
Veteran artists like Mohammad Sidiq Lolpora, with over 60 years of association with Bandh Pather, reminisce about a time when the art was indispensable to marriages and celebrations. Despite facing challenges and a decrease in the number of active theaters, the determination of Bandh Pather artists to keep the tradition alive remains unwavering.
Young artists like Tanveer Gulzar are eager torchbearers, recognizing Bandh Pather’s role as the “Bollywood of Kashmir.” While challenges persist, these dedicated artists commit to preserving and celebrating Kashmir’s traditions through their performances.
Bandh Pather epitomizes the resilience of Kashmir’s cultural heritage. This centuries-old folk theatre not only entertains but educates and reflects the changing times. As it continues to evolve, Bandh Pather stands as a mirror reflecting the traditions, values, and contemporary issues of Kashmiri society, ensuring its enduring relevance for generations to come.
