Dr. Fiaz Maqbool Fazili
The concept of modesty, particularly for women, has been a subject of immense discussion across cultures and religions. It goes beyond mere clothing to encompass spirituality, dignity, and moral conduct. Although Islamic teachings are often highlighted when discussing modesty and the hijab, principles of modesty are deeply embedded in various religious scriptures, including the Quran, the Bible, the Bhagavad Gita, the Guru Granth Sahib, and Buddhist teachings. This article explores the significance of modesty and covering oneself, addresses misconceptions, and underscores the shared responsibility of modesty for men and women as reflected in these sacred texts.
The Concept of Hijab in Islam
In Islam, the Quran emphasizes modesty for both men and women, making it a shared responsibility. Surah An-Nur (24:30-31) instructs men to “lower their gaze and guard their private parts” and women to “draw their veils over their bosoms and not display their beauty except what is apparent.” This demonstrates that hijab is not limited to physical covering but extends to behavior and attitude.
The hijab, often symbolized by the headscarf, is a representation of devotion to Allah and a conscious choice to preserve one’s dignity. Importantly, Islam does not place the burden of modesty solely on women. Men, too, are directed to act with humility and dress modestly. This egalitarian perspective dispels the misconception that Islamic modesty standards are biased against women.
The Bible on Modesty and Covering
Christian scriptures also emphasize modesty for women. In 1 Timothy 2:9-10, Paul writes, “Women should adorn themselves in respectable apparel, with modesty and self-control, not with braided hair and gold or pearls or costly attire, but with what is proper for women who profess godliness—with good works.”
Similarly, 1 Corinthians 11:5-6 discusses women covering their heads during prayer or prophecy, tying the practice to respect and reverence. It states, “For if a woman does not cover her head, she might as well have her hair cut off; but if it is a disgrace for a woman to have her hair cut off or her head shaved, then she should cover her head.” These verses underscore the cultural and spiritual significance of modesty in early Christian communities. While interpretations vary, modesty remains a central theme in Christianity, reflecting inner spirituality and respect during worship.
Modesty in Hinduism: Insights from the Bhagavad Gita
Hindu philosophy emphasizes self-restraint, purity of conduct, and discipline in thought, word, and action. While Hindu scriptures do not prescribe specific attire, the concept of brahmacharya (self-control and celibacy) advocates modesty in all aspects of life.
The Bhagavad Gita (2:62-63) warns of the dangers of uncontrolled desires, stressing the need for moderation and discipline. Traditional Hindu culture often links modest attire, such as sarees and dupattas, with respectability and adherence to dharma (righteous duty), reflecting these principles.
Modesty in the Guru Granth Sahib
Sikh teachings, as reflected in the Guru Granth Sahib, emphasize humility, simplicity, and inner virtue over external appearance. Modesty in Sikhism is not about specific clothing but about cultivating purity of mind and actions. The teachings discourage ostentation and pride, urging individuals to live humbly and align their actions with divine will.
Both men and women in Sikhism are encouraged to dress simply, avoiding extravagance. Modesty, in this context, is a reflection of one’s devotion to God and spiritual focus rather than an outward display.
Modesty in Buddhism
Buddhism, through its Middle Way philosophy, advocates simplicity and moderation in all aspects of life. While laypersons are not prescribed specific attire, the Vinaya Pitaka—the monastic code for monks and nuns—emphasizes modest dressing to avoid distractions and maintain spiritual focus.
Buddhism emphasizes Samma Vaca (right conduct) as part of the Noble Eightfold Path, which includes modesty and self-restraint. The essence of modesty in Buddhism is not merely physical but focuses on curbing desires and cultivating humility.
Shared Principles of Modesty Across Religions
Despite differences in practices, the concept of modesty finds common ground in the following principles across religions:
1. Spiritual Connection: Modesty is often tied to a deeper relationship with the divine and is viewed as an act of devotion.
2. Dignity and Respect: It symbolizes self-respect and encourages individuals to focus on inner qualities rather than external appearances.
3. Equality and Responsibility: Modesty is not a burden placed exclusively on women; men are equally accountable for their modest conduct.
4. Inner Purity: True modesty extends beyond attire, encompassing thoughts, words, and actions.
Addressing Misconceptions
Modesty as Oppression
A common misconception is that modest attire, such as the hijab, symbolizes oppression. However, many women view it as a form of empowerment and a personal act of faith. In Islam, the hijab is not a tool of subjugation but an assertion of a woman’s right to define herself beyond societal beauty standards.
Exclusive Focus on Women
Another misconception is that modesty only applies to women. Religious teachings emphasize that men are equally responsible for maintaining modesty, both in behavior and attire. For example, the Quran explicitly commands men to lower their gaze and guard their private parts.
Uniformity of Practices
Religious teachings on modesty are interpreted through cultural lenses, leading to diverse practices. For instance, not all Muslim women wear a hijab, and not all Christian women cover their heads. Modesty ultimately remains a personal choice shaped by individual beliefs and cultural contexts.
The Modern Relevance of Modesty
In an era where self-expression often clashes with traditional values, modesty remains a timeless virtue. It challenges the commodification of bodies, promotes self-worth, and fosters mutual respect. By focusing on inner character rather than outward appearances, modesty encourages a more inclusive and compassionate society.
Conclusion
The practice of modesty, including covering oneself, is a universal concept rooted in the spiritual teachings of various religions. While approaches may differ, the principles of humility, dignity, and respect for oneself and others are consistent. Modesty transcends boundaries, reminding humanity of the importance of inner beauty and spiritual connection in an increasingly materialistic world.
(Note
Dr. Fiaz Maqbool Fazili is a medical doctor at Mubarak Hospital. He actively engages in positive perception management of moral, social, and religious issues. He can be reached at drfiazfazili@gmail.com or on Twitter at #drfiazfazili.)
