The Kashmir Valley, steeped in a history of political upheavals and unrest, found itself at the epicenter of a defining moment in 1987—the contested elections that unfolded as a harbinger of turmoil, unleashing an era marred by violence. This exploration delves into the intricate fabric of those elections, scrutinizes the key figures that shaped the narrative, and contemplates the enduring consequences that continue to mold Kashmir’s trajectory.
To comprehend the significance of the 1987 events, it is essential to cast a retrospective glance at the political terrain preceding the elections. Farooq Abdullah, scion of the revered Kashmiri leader Sheikh Abdullah, emerged as a charismatic figure in the political landscape. The 1983 assembly elections witnessed his party, the National Conference, clinching a substantial victory with 46 out of 78 seats. However, the National Conference grappled with internal discord, exacerbated by the emergence of Farooq’s brother-in-law, G.M. Shah, as a rival, fomenting an atmosphere of tension and division within the party.
The political stage witnessed an unforeseen twist in 1984 when Prime Minister Indira Gandhi permitted her advisors to orchestrate a coup against Farooq Abdullah. Governor Jagmohan delivered a letter personally to Farooq, signaling his dismissal from the chief ministership and the dissolution of the council of ministers. This momentous decision sent shockwaves, setting the stage for the events that would unfurl in the coming years.
The 1987 elections, marred by allegations of rigging, stand out as a watershed moment in Kashmir’s history, sowing the seeds of disillusionment and mistrust in the democratic process. The Muslim United Front (MUF), a coalition of anti-establishment groups, accused the National Conference-Congress alliance of manipulating the elections. The disillusionment that ensued provided fertile ground for the eruption of violence and insurgency, prompting individuals to turn to armed resistance and seek support from neighboring Pakistan.
Despite the cloud of allegations surrounding election rigging, Farooq Abdullah returned to power as chief minister after the 1987 elections. However, the damage had been done, with the rigged elections fostering deep-seated discontent and alienation, particularly among the youth.
While Farooq Abdullah assumed the forefront in the National Conference, it is imperative to acknowledge the roles played by key figures such as Buta Singh and Rajiv Gandhi in orchestrating the election rigging. Buta Singh, the then Home Minister, played a pivotal role in manipulating the electoral process. Rajiv Gandhi, who ascended to the position of Prime Minister following Indira Gandhi’s assassination, was intricately involved in the decision to form an alliance with the National Conference for the 1987 elections.
The consequences of the rigged 1987 elections continue to cast a long shadow over Kashmir, with the loss of faith in the democratic process fueling insurgency and widespread violence. Militant groups like the Hizbul Mujahideen, led by Syed Salahuddin, and the Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF), led by Yasin Malik, gained prominence during this tumultuous period.
The aftermath of the elections witnessed a staggering human toll, marked by a significant loss of life and the displacement of the Kashmiri Pandit community. The region experienced a surge in militancy, counter-insurgency operations, and egregious human rights violations. The unresolved issues stemming from the rigged elections persist as a cause for concern, acting as a stumbling block in the path to peace and reconciliation in Kashmir.
Over the years, calls for justice and accountability in the context of the 1987 elections have grown louder. Many believe that a comprehensive investigation and holding those responsible accountable are imperative to heal the wounds of the past and restore faith in democratic processes in Kashmir.
The road to rebuilding trust and addressing the grievances of the Kashmiri people is undeniably complex, necessitating a multi-faceted approach. Political dialogue, economic development, and an unwavering focus on human rights emerge as crucial components in the path to reconciliation. It is imperative to draw lessons from the mistakes of the past, working towards a future where the democratic aspirations of the Kashmiri people are not merely acknowledged but also fulfilled.
In summary, the 1987 elections stand as a complex and intricate chapter in the history of Kashmir, leaving an indelible mark on the present reality of the region. As the pursuit of peace and justice unfolds, comprehending the events that transpired in 1987 and addressing the lingering grievances of the past become paramount. Only through acknowledging and redressing these concerns can we hope to pave the way for a brighter and more equitable future in Kashmir.