In recent years, the issue of illegal mining in Jammu and Kashmir has become a recurring theme in news headlines. Reports of arrests, vehicle seizures, and raids by police have painted a picture of a cat-and-mouse game between authorities and those involved in unauthorized mining activities. While these efforts by law enforcement are commendable in curbing illegal practices, the larger question remains unanswered: who is the legal owner of minerals in Kashmir, and why is there so much ambiguity surrounding this critical resource?
Minerals such as sand, gravel, boulders, and soil are essential for infrastructure development, the backbone of progress in any region. However, the lack of a clear and streamlined policy has created confusion and frustration for all stakeholders—from miners to end-users. At the heart of this issue lies a disconnect between the government’s intentions and ground-level realities.
Currently, the mineral wealth of Jammu and Kashmir is managed under the jurisdiction of the Geology and Mining Department, which oversees the allocation of mineral rights, leases, and permits. In theory, this department is responsible for regulating mining activities, ensuring environmental compliance, and generating revenue for the government. However, in practice, the lack of transparency and an outdated bureaucratic framework have resulted in widespread illegal mining. This not only depletes natural resources but also denies the government its rightful revenue.
The confusion is further compounded by inconsistent enforcement. While the police and mining officials frequently crack down on illegal miners, their actions often appear reactive and sporadic, rather than part of a cohesive strategy. For miners and small-scale operators, this creates an unpredictable environment where they are unsure of their rights and obligations. For the end-user, including contractors and builders, the result is inflated costs and supply chain disruptions.
The government must address this issue with urgency and decisiveness. First, it is essential to clearly define mineral ownership and streamline the process of granting mining rights. This should include transparent online auctions and leases, ensuring that only licensed operators are allowed to extract resources. The rules must be simple, accessible, and equitable to encourage compliance.
Second, the government should establish a robust monitoring mechanism. Advanced technologies such as GPS tracking, drones, and real-time data systems can be used to monitor mining activities and prevent illegal operations. At the same time, punitive measures for violations must be strictly enforced to act as a deterrent.
Third, there must be a collaborative approach involving all stakeholders. Local communities, whose livelihoods are often tied to mining, should be actively engaged in the decision-making process. This would ensure that economic benefits are shared equitably while minimizing environmental degradation.
Lastly, there needs to be an integrated plan for sustainable mineral resource management. Infrastructure development is critical, but it must not come at the cost of depleting natural resources or damaging the fragile ecology of Kashmir. Balancing development and environmental conservation is not just a policy requirement; it is a moral imperative.
The government has the responsibility to resolve this issue with clarity and purpose. By framing a comprehensive, transparent, and sustainable mining policy, it can not only eliminate the chaos surrounding illegal mining but also ensure that the region’s mineral wealth contributes meaningfully to its development.
Kashmir’s resources are its treasure, and their proper management is key to building a prosperous and sustainable future. It is time to move beyond the hide-and-seek game of arrests and seizures and adopt a clear, structured approach that benefits all stakeholders.
