Vijay Garg
In any thriving democracy, the media stands as an indispensable watchdog, safeguarding not only democratic principles but also the essence of nationhood, human civilization, culture, and humanity itself. Often hailed as the fourth pillar of democracy, the media’s role transcends mere reporting—it fosters public awareness, holds power accountable, and drives societal progress. Over time, journalism has evolved, adapting to new challenges and expanding its influence, drawing on past experiences to refine its mission. At its core, journalism is a public service, tasked with awakening society to truths that might otherwise remain obscured. Yet, this noble pursuit comes at a steep cost, as journalists frequently face opposition, intimidation, and even mortal danger.
Journalism is, by its nature, a perilous profession. Exposing uncomfortable truths and championing the public interest invites resistance from those who benefit from secrecy or control. According to a UNESCO report, more than 1,200 media professionals were killed worldwide between 2006 and 2020, with a staggering 90% of these cases seeing perpetrators evade justice. Despite such risks, journalists remain steadfast, driven by an unwavering commitment to uncover the truth, even at the cost of their lives. Their courage ensures that no individual, institution, or government can fully suppress the free press. This resilience underscores the critical importance of media freedom, without which journalists cannot fulfill their role as impartial truth-seekers.
Each year, **World Press Freedom Day**, observed on May 3, serves as a global reminder of the fundamental principles of press freedom and a tribute to journalists who have sacrificed their lives for the truth. It also celebrates those who have left an indelible mark on journalism, achieving milestones that inspire future generations. The **Press Freedom Index**, published annually by Reporters Without Borders (RSF), ranks countries based on the level of freedom afforded to journalists. The 2024 edition paints a grim picture for India, which ranks 159th out of 180 countries—a decline from previous years. The report highlights issues such as media ownership consolidation, harassment of journalists, and internet shutdowns, all of which threaten the independence of the press.
As the challenges facing journalism multiply, the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) introduces both opportunities and threats to the media landscape. This year, on May 3, 2025, **World Press Freedom Day** was commemorated with the UNESCO theme *“Reporting in the Brave New World: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Press Freedom and the Media.”* This theme highlighted the urgent need to protect human rights and journalistic integrity in an increasingly AI-driven digital environment. From May 5 to 7, 2025, Brussels hosted a UNESCO global conference, bringing together journalists, media leaders, policymakers, academics, and NGOs to explore AI’s implications for media freedom and its potential to reshape journalism’s future.
AI’s integration into journalism is a double-edged sword. On one hand, it offers tools to enhance reporting—automated data analysis, real-time fact-checking, and personalized content delivery can amplify the media’s reach and efficiency. On the other hand, AI poses significant risks. Algorithmic biases, deepfakes, and automated disinformation campaigns threaten to erode public trust in journalism. Governments and corporations can exploit AI to monitor, censor, or manipulate media narratives, further endangering press freedom. In authoritarian regimes, AI-powered surveillance tools are already being used to track and intimidate journalists, while in democracies, the concentration of media ownership in tech giants raises concerns about editorial independence.
The 2025 UNESCO conference, held earlier this month, served as a critical platform to address these challenges. Discussions focused on establishing ethical guidelines for AI use in journalism, ensuring transparency in algorithmic decision-making, and protecting journalists from AI-enabled threats. The conference also explored how AI can empower rather than undermine the media, enabling journalists to navigate the complexities of the digital age while upholding their commitment to truth and fairness.
For India, ranked alarmingly low on the Press Freedom Index, the implications of AI are particularly pressing. The country’s media landscape is already strained by political pressures, economic constraints, and sporadic internet blackouts. The advent of AI could exacerbate these issues, with automated content moderation and surveillance tools potentially stifling dissent. Yet, Indian journalists have a history of resilience, leveraging technology to amplify marginalized voices and expose systemic injustices. The discussions from this year’s World Press Freedom Day offer an opportunity for India’s media to lead the global conversation on harnessing AI for public good while safeguarding press freedom.
Ultimately, the media’s ability to challenge AI’s risks and harness its potential will determine its relevance in the digital era. Journalists must remain vigilant, not only as storytellers but as defenders of democracy in a world increasingly shaped by algorithms. The stakes are high—without a free and independent press, the pillars of democracy weaken, and the public’s right to know is compromised. As we reflect on the significance of World Press Freedom Day 2025, observed just a week ago, let us honor the journalists who risk everything to uphold the truth and recommit to ensuring their freedom in the face of evolving challenges. In this brave new world, the media’s role as a protector of humanity has never been more vital.
(Note: Vijay Garg is a retired principal, educational columnist, and eminent educationist based in Malout, Punjab.)
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